It can be seen in Figure 1 that the ideal diplexer easily meets the frequency response requirements. However, once real manufactured components, interconnects, and substrates are incorporated, the frequency response will most likely decay significantly at these design frequencies.
Inductor and capacitor families were carefully selected based on their good performance at high frequencies and to provide numerous candidate components for selection by the Microwave Office discrete optimizer. The family element size range extends to include the compensation element ideal values, assuring that the compensation element physical sizes will be as acceptable as the rest of the diplexer element physical sizes.
It is also possible to select multiple inductor and capacitor families to account for large differences in element sizes. Each family should be selected to meet the frequency and physical size requirements of the particular elements for which it is selected. The substrate chosen is a mil Modelithics Rogers C1.
The Nuhertz FS export panel with the selections for this design is shown in Figure 2. Modelithics parts families and substrate selections are very simple.
A drop-down menu contains all the families and substrates available and the designer can simply select the desired family, families, or substrate.
Multiple families can be selected by checking the appropriate checkbox Figure 3. The exported design with all the components is shown in Figure 4 and reveals the S-parameters in the real simulation have degraded significantly from the ideal design.
Looking closely at the Microwave Office schematic, the Modelithics parts assignments are made using discrete equations that are compatible with the Microwave Office discrete optimizer. Furthermore, the interconnect geometries are all defined with equations that are optimizable, as seen in Figure 5. For the first optimization pass, only the Modelithics parts are optimized. The optimizable equations are displayed in blue and non-optimizable equations are displayed in black in the Microwave Office schematic.
The discrete optimizer will attempt to select the best Modelithics parts that most closely fit the design optimization goals. Once a suitable parts selection process is complete, a second optional optimization pass that includes the interconnect geometry will be executed for this example. The first optimization pass has interconnect geometry disabled by deselecting the appropriate check box in the Microwave Office export panel, as shown in Figure 6.
The optimization constant reduces in size as the optimization process completes and will stop when it can optimize no further.
It is advisable to make more than one discrete optimization run and use the run that reduces to the smallest number. The best results out of three optimization runs in this example is shown in Figure7, along with the circled locations of the relevant controls and displays. An optimization constant is seen to be 27 in the optimization window, which is a significant improvement from the original A significant improvement can also be seen in the simulated S-parameters that now more closely match the optimization goals.
In many cases, the Modelithics part discrete optimization pass is sufficient to meet design requirements, and the design is essentially finished, leaving only the task of moving parts and layouts around to meet footprint size and board space limitations.
If the frequency response does not yet meet design requirements, the interconnect geometry must be optimized. This will update all the relevant interconnect geometry equations to enable tuning and optimizing. Odd-order filters do not need a separate single-pole opamp. SVC filter designer. OptLowpass filter designer. Helical resonator filter designer. PI-EL network designer. Diplexer network designer. The load end of a network can be specified regarding the R and jX values, up to five elements from the component library can then be installed between the load and the generator.
Then going to the analysis page allows tuning or editing the network values to achieve a match, in the usual manner. By doing that every day, and by always making the customer our top priority, we plan on being here for another 65 years and then some. Join our Social Community and keep in touch with all our latest technology investments, current news, upcoming events, and promotions. All Rights Reserved.
Basic Diplexer Concepts While there are various types of RF diplexers, all designs require the use of a filter. Example of Radio Frequencies Band Pass Filters Where narrow bandwidth diplexers are specified, it is possible to create a design using band pass filters. Summary While diplexers are used in a broad range of service applications, they are a critical piece of hardware.
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